Using explosive devices

• Identify the task (breaching, demolition, disposal)
• Assess target type and environment
• Determine if explosives are required or if alternative methods are more suitable
• Select the method that achieves the objective with acceptable risk
• Confirm selection supports follow-on actions and overall plan

Explosives may be used to destroy vehicles or equipment when recovery is not possible. This typically occurs during sabotage operations, demining, or after capturing enemy positions. Use must be directed by the Chain of Command, either as part of a plan or via direct orders.

Explosive selection should match the target. Heavily armoured or reinforced targets require more powerful charges, while lighter equipment can be neutralised with smaller devices.

Common applications:

• Incendiary Grenade
  • Destroy ammunition or weapon crates
  • Disable individual weapons
  • Disable light vehicles when applied effectively
• Demolition Block
  • Destroy light and lightly armoured vehicles
  • Neutralise emplacements (e.g. artillery, SAM systems)
• Demolition Charge Assembly
  • Destroy multiple heavy vehicles
  • Demolish large infrastructure (e.g. hangars, communication towers)

Place an explosive device to ensure effectiveness against one or multiple targets, taking into account those factors :

• Distance to target(s)
• Direction of the explosion
• Protection of the target against the explosive from certain angles
• Concealment of the device

Arm explosive devices in a way that ensures a safe exit for all personnel in the area and make sure nearby elements are aware of the danger area.

When using a timed trigger, note down and communicate the selected duration and the expected time of detonation.

• Identify expected blast radius based on charge type and environment
• Clear all personnel and vehicles from the danger area
• Establish safe standoff positions for all elements
• Communicate blast area boundaries to nearby elements
• Monitor the area continuously until detonation

• Ensure the danger area is clear of friendlies
• Announce "Fire in the hole! Fire in the hole! Fire in the hole!" five seconds before detonating
• Cancel the detonation on any calls or change of the situation that may indicate the area is no longer clear
• When using a timed trigger, give an additional 1 minute warning before the expected detonation time

Selecting an effective breach point is critical to maintaining protection and momentum during entry.

The breach location should provide adequate cover for elements preparing to breach. This includes maintaining standoff from the danger area during explosive breaching and using available protection such as trenches, walls, or other terrain features.

An effective breach point should allow for rapid and protected entry into the target area. Prioritise entry points that lead directly to nearby cover or accessible structures to support immediate movement and consolidation.

Avoid creating breaches that open into exposed or highly visible areas, particularly those overlooked from multiple positions, as this can create a kill zone and significantly increase risk to assaulting elements.

Explosives may be used to breach rooms, buildings, compounds, or perimeter barriers. Compared to ballistic breaching (e.g. shotgun entry), explosive breaching requires additional planning and setup.

Charge selection should match the target. Consider whether explosives are necessary and, if so, use the minimum force required:

• Linear charges
  • Suitable for doors and light entry points
  • Provide controlled entry with minimal overpressure
• Demolition charges / blocks
  • Used for reinforced structures (e.g. metal or concrete walls)
  • Require greater consideration of blast effects and safety

As with all explosive use, ensure actions align with Understanding rules of engagement (ROE) FM/BG-348 and Minimize collateral damage against civilian infrastructure FM/BS-350, particularly during unplanned or dynamic breaching.